HISTORIOGRAPHY AND HISTORICAL METHODOLOGY

Abstract

This review research paper aims to explore the evolution of historiography and historical methodology, highlighting key theories, approaches, and debates that have shaped the discipline of history. The paper adopts a multidimensional theoretical framework, encompassing diverse schools of thought such as positivism, postmodernism, Marxist historiography, feminist historiography, and postcolonial perspectives to provide a comprehensive analysis. Through a systematic literature review and critical analysis of scholarly works, this paper examines the development of historical methods, including archival research, oral history, digital humanities, and interdisciplinary approaches, to uncover trends, challenges, and innovations. The findings shed light on the dynamic nature of historical inquiry, illustrating how historians have navigated epistemological shifts, contested narratives, and methodological pluralism to construct nuanced interpretations of the past. This paper contributes to ongoing discussions in historiography by offering insights into the implications of diverse methodologies on historical narratives, pedagogical practices, and public engagement with history, thus informing research agendas, educational curricula, and societal understanding. By synthesizing diverse perspectives and engaging with contemporary historiographical debates, this paper provides a valuable resource for scholars, educators, and practitioners interested in the theoretical and methodological dimensions of historical scholarship.