PROTECTED AREAS AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: EVALUATING EFFECTIVENESS

Abstract

Protected areas (PAs) play a crucial role in biodiversity conservation globally. This review paper examines the effectiveness of protected areas in conserving biodiversity through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature. The evaluation encompasses various dimensions, including ecological, socio-economic, and governance aspects. Key indicators such as species richness, population trends, habitat quality, community engagement, and policy frameworks are assessed to gauge the overall impact of protected areas. The review also discusses challenges and opportunities in evaluating PA effectiveness and proposes strategies for enhancing conservation outcomes. Through a synthesis of empirical studies and case analyses, this paper contributes to a nuanced understanding of the role of protected areas in safeguarding biodiversity.