A STUDY OF THE EVOLUTION: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Abstract

This paper explores the historical development of educational research, charting its evolution from ancient philosophical foundations to its present-day multidisciplinary scope. Beginning with the contributions of Greek philosophers like Plato and Aristotle, who established early concepts about the purpose and nature of education, the paper then examines the medieval period’s Scholasticism, which introduced structured intellectual inquiry within a religious context. The Renaissance and Enlightenment periods are highlighted for their shift towards empirical observation and individualized learning, influenced by thinkers such as Comenius, Locke, and Rousseau. The 19th century marks the formalization of educational research, driven by the rise of public education and the need for teacher training, with significant contributions from Johann Friedrich Herbart and Horace Mann. The early 20th century saw the influence of progressive education and educational psychology, particularly through John Dewey’s focus on experiential learning and the advent of standardized testing. The post-World War II era is characterized by the dominance of quantitative methods and large-scale empirical studies. The late 20th century brought methodological diversification and a global perspective, reflecting the dynamic and evolving nature of the field. This historical overview provides a comprehensive understanding of how educational research has developed in response to changing intellectual and societal contexts.