Integrating Indian Knowledge System (IKS) based Pedagogy into Formal Education to Address the Challenges of Shadow Education: A Review

Abstract

This chapter explores the potential of embedding Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) based pedagogy within mainstream education to mitigate the growth of shadow education. Shadow education, characterized by supplementary tutoring outside regular school hours, has proliferated due to perceived inadequacies in formal education systems. This phenomenon often exacerbates educational inequalities and places additional financial burdens on families. By integrating IKS-based pedagogy, which emphasizes holistic learning, cultural relevance, and traditional wisdom, into formal curricula, educators can foster more engaging and effective learning environments. This chapter examines the principles of IKS-based pedagogy, its historical significance, and its contemporary applications in education. Through a review of existing literature, case studies, and empirical research, the chapter highlights how IKS pedagogy can address key gaps in formal education, enhance student engagement, and reduce reliance on supplementary tutoring. The findings suggest that a well-implemented IKS approach can provide a balanced education that not only improves academic outcomes but also promotes cultural preservation and social equity. By adopting IKS-based pedagogy, educational systems can create more inclusive and effective learning experiences, ultimately alleviating the expansion of shadow education.